Illustrate any two quantitative techniques one each for delineation of formal and functional region.

Quantitative Technique for Formal Region Delineation:-Population Density Mapping

Population density mapping is a quantitative technique used to delineate formal regions based on the distribution of population across a specific area. It involves dividing the total population of the region by its land area to calculate the population density. This technique is particularly useful for identifying densely populated regions and sparsely populated regions.

For example, to delineate formal regions based on population density in a country, the following steps can be followed:-

1. 1. Obtain population data and land area data for different administrative units (e.g., states, districts, or cities) within the country.

2. 2. Calculate the population density for each administrative unit by dividing the total population by the land area.

3. 3. Create a choropleth map, where different colors or shades represent varying levels of population density. High-density areas will be represented by darker shades, and low-density areas will be represented by lighter shades.

4. 4. Analyze the map to identify regions with high and low population density. Formal regions can be delineated based on predefined categories of population density, such as densely populated regions, moderately populated regions, and sparsely populated regions.

Quantitative Technique for Functional Region Delineation: Gravity Model

The gravity model is a quantitative technique used to delineate functional regions based on the strength of interactions between different locations. It is commonly used to analyze the movement of people, goods, or information between nodes or centers within a region.

For example, to delineate functional regions based on the flow of commuters to and from a major city, the following steps can be followed:

1. 1. Collect data on commuting patterns between the major city and surrounding areas (suburbs or nearby towns).

2. 2. Calculate the gravity score for each pair of locations, considering the population of the major city and the commuting distance between the city and each surrounding area.

3. 3. The gravity score is typically calculated using the formula: gravity score = (population of the city A * population of city B) / commuting distance between city A and city B.

4. 4. Create a map showing the strength of interactions between the major city and surrounding areas, using different colors or shades to represent the varying gravity scores.

5. 5. Analyze the map to identify functional regions based on the intensity of commuting interactions. Areas with high gravity scores (indicating a strong interaction with the major city) will form the functional region surrounding the city.

The gravity model helps in understanding the spatial reach and influence of a central node or focal point, making it valuable for delineating functional regions based on the flow of people, goods, or services within a larger geographical area.