Briefly discuss the reasons behind the emergence of industry as an economic activity. Explain how Three Dimension Matrix, Equal Outlay Line and Equal Product Curve help in Areal and Systematic approaches for the study of Industrial Geography.

Emergence of Industry as an Economic Activity:-

The emergence of industry as an economic activity can be attributed to several factors, including technological advancements, urbanization, resource availability, and changing consumer demands. The transition from agrarian economies to industrialized ones was driven by innovations in machinery, which increased production efficiency, reduced labor requirements, and led to the mass production of goods. Urbanization provided a concentrated labor force and better infrastructure for factories. Access to raw materials and energy sources also played a crucial role, and the shift in consumer preferences towards manufactured goods further fueled industrialization.

Three Dimension Matrix, Equal Outlay Line, and Equal Product Curve in Industrial Geography:-

1. Three Dimension Matrix: The Three Dimension Matrix is a tool used in industrial geography to analyze the location of industries based on three key factors: raw material availability, market accessibility, and transportation facilities. This matrix helps in identifying optimal locations for industries by considering these factors and finding areas where they intersect favorably. It provides a spatial framework for decision-making in industrial location.

2. Equal Outlay Line: The Equal Outlay Line is a graphical representation that depicts the different combinations of labour and transportation costs that result in the same total cost for an industry. It helps in analyzing the trade-offs between labor and transportation costs in different locations. This tool is particularly useful in understanding how variations in costs influence industrial location decisions.

3. Equal Product Curve: The Equal Product Curve is a graphical representation of the different combinations of two inputs (usually labor and capital) that result in the same level of output. In industrial geography, this curve helps in understanding the substitution possibilities between factors of production and how they affect industrial locations. It aids in analyzing the impact of factors like labor availability and capital investment on industrial decisions.

Areal and Systematic Approaches in Industrial Geography:-

1. Areal Approach: The areal approach in industrial geography focuses on studying industries within specific geographic regions or areas. It involves examining the spatial distribution of industries, their concentration, and factors that contribute to regional industrial specialization. Tools like the Three Dimension Matrix, Equal Outlay Line, and Equal Product Curve assist in understanding the location patterns of industries within these areas and help identify factors that drive their distribution.

2. Systematic Approach: The systematic approach involves studying industries across different regions and analyzing common factors that influence industrial location decisions regardless of the specific area. This approach aims to identify general principles and theories of industrial location. The tools mentioned earlier aid in systematically analyzing the interplay of factors like resources, markets, and transportation in shaping industrial geography on a broader scale.

In summary, the Three Dimension Matrix, Equal Outlay Line, and Equal Product Curve are valuable tools in both areal and systematic approaches to the study of industrial geography. They provide insights into the spatial distribution of industries, help in making informed industrial location decisions, and contribute to understanding the broader patterns of industrialization.