Planning process – Inter-State Planning
According to the planning commission of India planning involves the acceptance of a clearly defined system of objectives in terms of which to form overall policies. The primary role of regional planning is to deal directly with the functional problems of the regional level. There are two main types of regional planning.
(a) Intraregional planning(b) Interregional planning
Intra-regional planning is planning within regions but at a level, a height that the local authority. The prime aim of this planning is to achieve a satisfactory relationship between job and environment within the region.
Inter-regional planning is planning between regions. The problem of economic aspects in certain areas is given rise to a more economic planning approach, concerned with the inter-regional allocation of resources and inter-regional planning, where regions cut across state boundaries. This can be regarded as Inter-State Planning.
At present, there are a number of inter-state planning in India, like Damodar Valley Corporation, Sardar Sarovar Project, Chambal Project, Betwa Project, Rajasthan Canal Project, Dandyakarnya Project.
A few Inter-State Projects:-
The legislature of Bengal and Bihar (now Jharkhand) agreed to set up an authority with the name Damodar Valley Corporation (D.V.C.) and the agreed draft was placed before the Assembly of India on 1st December 1947. This was passed by the parliament of India on 18th February 1948 and placed on the statute book on 27th March 1948. Out of this Act, the D.V.C. was born on 7th July 1948. The objectives of this scheme were (1) promotion of irrigation (2) generation of electrical energy (3) flood control (4) promotion of navigation (5) afforestation and control of soil erosion in valley region (6) promotion of public health, agriculture and general well-being of the Damodar Valley and its area of operation.
It is provided under the act that the three participating Govt., i.e. the central Govt. (Jawaharlal Nehru, PM) and the state Govt. of West Bengal (Bidhan Chandra Roy, CM) and Bihar (Jharkhand) (Srikrishna Singh, CM) have to make available the entire capital required by the corporation for the execution of any project undertaken by it.
Another multipurpose project on inter-state planning is the Bhakra-Nangal project. It is an inter-state project of Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan, which gets very scanty rainfall, and moreover, this area is without coal and petroleum fields. The actual project was taken up in 1948 and work started in 1951. The essential features of the project were the construction of two dams across the Sutlej river, one at Bhakra and the other at Nangal. The water from these dams is being utilized for irrigation.
Chambal project was started in co-operation with the Govt. of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan. The first stage of the project was the construction of the Gandhi Sagar Dam, a powerhouse at the foot of the dam with 5 units of 23,000 KW, Kotah barrage, and an irrigation canal system. The second stage was the construction of a missionary dam on the main river (Rana Pratap Sagar dam), a power station with 4 units of 43,000 KW below the dam. The third stage of this project comprises the Kotah dam and a power station at its toe.
Rajasthan canal project is an inter-state project in which the states like Rajasthan, Haryana & Punjab are involved. The first stage of this project is the construction of the Rajasthan main canal of 445 km in length and five additional lift canals on the left bank of the main canal. The purpose of this project is to irrigate the desert parts of Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, Churu, and Bikaner district areas. In response to the water agreement between Rajasthan, Haryana & Punjab in December 1981, Punjab can use the water that was not being utilized by the Rajasthan canal.
Sharing of the river water of the Krishna, the Godavari, and the Narmada by the concerned basin states have been settled through respective tribunals set up by the Govt. under the Inter-State Water Dispute Act, 1956. Two major inter-state river disputes have not yet been resolved. They relate to the further development and utilization of the water of the Cauvery and Yamuna. Narmada Control Authority (NAC) is an interstate high-level administrative authority, was set up by the Govt. of India in 1980 in pursuance of the final award of the Narmada Water Disputes Tribunal (NWDT) for the purpose of securing compliance with the implementation of the decision and directions of the tribunal by the four-party states viz. Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and Rajasthan. The authority was reconstituted in June 1987 & was entrusted with the task of overall direction for the implementation of the Sardar Sarovar & Narmada Sagar projects including engineering works, environmental protection measures, and rehabilitation programs.
It should be mentioned that major river basins of the country are almost all inter-state. With so many rivers flowing through more than one state, it is natural that differences would arise some time or other amongst the concerned states with regard to the use, distribution, or control of water of such rivers.
Inter-state planning is not only being attempted on the rivers but also on human welfare. The Dandyakaranya project is another inter-state endeavor, equally bold on its concept. It was started with the object of effective execution of the scheme to resettle the displaced persons from East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) in Dandyakaranya & for the integrated development of this area with particular regard to the promotion of the interests of the tribal population of the area. Dandyakaranya comprises the Baster & Ganjam districts of Chhatisgarh and Koraput & Kalahandi districts of Odisha. The factors that influence the choice were the large area with sufficient living space and scope of development. This project was started in 1957 with twofold objectives- one was the resettlement of the displaced persons and the other was the execution of the welfare programs for the local population, particularly the tribe.
Conclusion:-
So, we can conclude by saying that the success of interstate planning will depend eventually on the degree of participation in the planning process by the constituent states, which is hoped will be ensured by the setting up of intricate machinery with high-level officials of the state and central Govt. will participate and come to agreed solutions concerning the development of each sector.
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